Case Involving the Model of Ethical Decision

An ethical decision making-model In most cases, solving ethical dilemmas are not through the application of the codes of ethics and standards that are put in place. Therefore, it is critical to have a framework through which any emerging ethical dilemma could be analyzed and the final decision reached.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Case Involving the Model of Ethical Decision-Making specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Ethical dilemmas are usual occurrences in many professions and are resolved through the applicable ethical decision-making models (Johnson Koocher, 2011). However, in this case, the Potter Box ethical decision-making model will be applied to come up with the solution to the ensuing problem. Defining the situation In the case, a woman is suffering from the major depression because of divorce filed by the husband and the looming court proceedings that may result in the loss of the sons to the husband. The woman claims that the husband has an extra marital affair, which according to the psychologist, is delusional and should not be included in the final assessment report for diagnosis. However, the psychologist used much of the personal information on the assessment report, which could have negative influence on the client during the court proceedings. The dilemma is whether the psychologist should include the personal information on the report. Identifying the values Ethical principles and codes of conduct form the basis of values that control the conduct of the psychologist. The psychologist beliefs and values should emanate from the general codes ethical codes of conduct that control the behavior, assessment and evaluation of clients as well as decisions that are being made. In this case, the psychologist must apply the principles, standards and codes of ethics while assessing the client’s situation. Identifying the principles Ethical models in decision-making process m ust back all the actions of the psychologist. In addition, the advice and recommendation of the assessments should also emanate from the theoretical models in ethical decision-making process. In this case, theoretical models such as the utilitarianism and contextualism would be applied to support the recommendations in the assessment report concerning the client’s situation. Choosing the loyalties In this case, it is critical to take into consideration the situation of the client while assessing the life circumstances. However, the consent of the client should be emphasized. The psychologist should seek for the client consent while coming up with the assessment report. Even though the consent may be hard to get in this case, the client should be persuaded to provide his consent on some of the information to be presented.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Applicable code s, principles and standards The principles that apply to this case include the beneficence and nonmaleficence, integrity, justice and the respect for the rights of the clients as well as the related people. In applying the principle of beneficence and nonmaleficence, the psychologist must ensure that its assessments and actions does not cause subsequent harm to the client as well as the related people such as the children and the husband. In other words, the psychologist must ensure that the content of the assessments safeguard the interest of the client as well as the husband. The integrity principle requires that the psychologist must observe sincerity, precision and honesty while assessing the client’s situation. Moreover, all the concerned persons must equally benefit from the actions. Finally, the psychologist must respect the rights of the client as well as other individuals in the assessments. The only limiting factor is that while the psychologist would observe and pr omote the integrity, justice and rights of one individual, other individual right may be compromised. In other words, striking the right principle balance between the people affected may be difficult for the psychologist (Koocher Keith-Spiegel, 2007). During the assessment, the psychologist should put into consideration the ethical standards that include the misuse of their work (Johnson Koocher, 2011). In the case, where the psychologist realized that one party might benefit from the assessments, the necessary steps should be taken to correct the information in assessment report in order to avoid the misuse of such information. The other important ethical standard to be observed is the boundaries of competence. The psychologist should perform the assessment within the boundaries of his psychological knowledge, experience, training and professionalism (Ford, 2006). Most important, the psychologist should produce the final assessment report based on the informed consent (Ford, 2006 ). The standard of informed consent is critical for the final decisions used for therapies as well as legal proceedings that may ensue. The informed consent standard requires that the client is involved in every step of the assessment and the psychologist seek out the client’s approval (Ford, 2006). In addition, the psychologist should observe the standard of privacy and confidentiality.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Case Involving the Model of Ethical Decision-Making specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The psychologist should establish the limits of private information and the levels of confidentiality without intrusion into the private affairs of the family. Finally, the psychologist should consider the standards of assessment (Ford, 2006). Before putting down the recommendation for further therapies, the psychologist should thoroughly examine the client in order to have adequate information. Applying th e utilitarian model to explain the case The theory focuses on the positive outcome of the actions. The psychologist, applying the utilitarian approach to ethical consideration, should consider recommending actions that provides maximum benefits to the client (Johnson Koocher, 2011). In other words, the psychologist should recommend actions in its assessment report that offer maximum quality of happiness to the client. In essence, the decisions made during the assessment should benefit the client. Even though the recommendations should be in favor of the client, the extent to which such recommendations affect the related people should also be taken into consideration. However, the psychologist should be aware of the difficulties in getting the information as well as the extent of the consequences of the recommendations on the concerned individuals. In other words, it would not be possible for the psychologist to measure the extent of the consequences of the assessment recommendation s. The application of ethical contextualism to think through the case Contextualism model assumes that there exist competing ethical principles and conflicts normally occur between these competing principles. According to this theory, ethical dilemmas should be treated differently depending with the situation and the expected outcome (Ford, 2006). As such, the psychologist should provide assessment recommendations depending with the situation. Further, the theory asserts that there is no ethical principle that can be used to predict the solutions of any other ethical dilemmas (Ford, 2006). Therefore, the solution to the problem will depend on the situation and the outcome of the assessments made. The problem with this school of thought is that the psychologist may find difficulties in the situation where genuine principles conflict (Koocher Keith-Spiegel, 2007). In essence, the psychologist should not utilize the experiences from other cases to apply to this situation.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The case represents a different situation and therefore the principles to be applied in this case should depend on the assessed factors. In other words, the context in this case should inform the moral principles that should be used to find the solution to the problem. References Ford, G. G. (2006). Ethical reasoning for mental health professionals. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications. Johnson, W. B. Koocher, G. P. (2011). Ethical conundrums, quandaries and predicaments in mental health practice: A casebook from the files of experts. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. Koocher, G. P. Keith-Spiegel, P. (2007). Ethics in psychology and the mental health professions: Standards and cases. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. This essay on Case Involving the Model of Ethical Decision-Making was written and submitted by user Selah Vang to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Financing Cycle Essay Example

Financing Cycle Essay Example Financing Cycle Essay Financing Cycle Essay Monica Douglas-Edwards 3. Financing Cycle (2 pages) Answer the following questions. _ How can you create and maintain the chart of accounts? If your company is already using Peachtree Accounting for daily activity, beginning balances may only be entered in the prior fiscal year. General Ledger beginning balances are entered through Maintain, Chart of Accounts. Before General Ledger beginning balances are entered, do the following: Verify that the Chart of Accounts contains the equity account â€Å"Equity–Retained Earnings. Determine the correct period(s) in which to enter beginning balances. Determine the correct beginning balance amounts. Verify that the beginning balance amounts have an equal number of debits and credits. Verify That Your Chart of Accounts Contains the Equity Account â€Å"Equity – Retained Earnings† Before Peachtree can save beginning balance amounts, an account with a type of Equity – Retained Earnings should have been set up in your Chart of Accounts. If you do not see this account listed, add that account now through Maintain, Chart of Accounts. Determining the Correct Period in Which to Enter Beginning Balances The correct period in which to enter beginning balances depends on what type of financial statement you want to generate: If you want a comparative Balance Sheet for the current fiscal year and the last fiscal year, then enter beginning balances for the first period that you wish to have balances, then for each period thereafter enter the period debit/credit change up to the current period.. If you want a comparative Income Statement for the current fiscal year and the last fiscal year, then enter beginning balances for the first period that you wish to have balances, then for each period thereafter enter the period debit/credit change up to the current period. If you want a Statement of Cash Flow for only the current fiscal year, then enter beginning balances for the last period of the prior fiscal year. If you want a comparative Statement of Cash Flow for the current fiscal year and the last fiscal year, then enter beginning balances for the last period of the year prior to the last fiscal year. : This is the accounting period that is identified as prior to the previous year (e. g. , â€Å"Before 1/1/2003†) in the Beginning Balance Select Period window. These reports will be titled differently for non-profit organizations. Determining the Correct Beginning Balance Amounts For your financial statements and reports to be accurate, beginning balance amounts must be correct. To help you verify beginning balance amounts, you can use the Trial Balance report or Balance Sheet from your previous accounting system. These reports are discussed in detail below. Note: If you do not have either of these reports, please contact your accountant for procedures on how to calculate beginning balances. ) If you start entering beginning balances in Peachtree during the current fiscal year, AND you do NOT need monthly transaction history for comparative financial statements, then use the numbers from a Trial Balance report dated the last day of the month previous to the month transactions w ill be posted in Peachtree. For example, if a company begins using Peachtree Accounting July 1, 2005, then the beginning balances should be entered in July, using the Trial Balance of June 30, 2005. Understanding General Ledger Beginning Balances, 2010) _ How can you post journal entries? 1. In Peachtree, go to Tasks, System and change your accounting period to the first accounting period of the current tax year. 2. Open FAS for Peachtree by either going to Tasks, Fixed Assets within Peachtree or by clicking the FAS icon located on your desktop. 3. Make all necessary additions, changes, and dispositions of assets you have set up. 4. Go to File, Edit Company. On the Book Defaults page, verify that the Fiscal Year-End is accurate. 5. To calculate depreciation, go to Depreciation, Depreciate and choose the Group, Book, and month you will be depreciating through and choose Execute. Review the depreciation amounts for accuracy. 6. Once you have calculated depreciation, you can now post. Go to Depreciate, Post Depreciation. Select the appropriate Group, Book, Period Posting Date and Journal Entry Date. Click the Preview button to preview the journal entries. After reviewing the information, click the Post button to post the journal entries to Peachtree. (Financial Year-End Checklist) _ What are the key financial statements that are available? Describe them. What are some key reports one can generate to measure the firm’s financial performance? Section III: Reporting (minimum 3 pages) Describe how Peachtree Complete Accounting produces information that can be used to manage the business. Identify and describe at least three key reports for each of the cycles the revenue, expenditure and financing cycles for a total of nine reports. You should describe how the report is used, and why it is important in this section. Do not include any screen shots of your reports in this section. You will include one sample report for each of the transaction cycles in the Appendix – see below. Section IV: Your Evaluation of the Software and Final Thoughts (minimum 2 pages) Your evaluation of Peachtree Complete Accounting will be based upon your experience. You will use screen prints to support your evaluation. You will include the screen prints in an Appendix. They are not part of the required 7-10 written pages. Also, include your final thoughts regarding the application you selected here. Include such things as ease of use, in what size of business it would be best used, etc. Appendix _ In the section, include three sample reports – one from each of the three accounting cycles. _ References as needed at the end of the report.